1:活塞與焦磷(lin)酸鈉洗井
(1) 活(huo)塞(sai)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)是水(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)(jing)施工的(de)(de)最常用(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)方(fang)法,并(bing)且(qie)已經(jing)積(ji)累了較為豐富的(de)(de)經(jing)驗;這種(zhong)方(fang)法對于新施工的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)(jing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)就能收到(dao)良好的(de)(de)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)效果(guo)。但是對一(yi)些(xie)老井(jing)(jing)(jing)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)了出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量不(bu)佳或(huo)不(bu)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)單獨用(yong)活(huo)塞(sai)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)效果(guo)就不(bu)那么行了。如果(guo)用(yong)活(huo)塞(sai)與焦(jiao)磷酸鈉洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing),利用(yong)拉動(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)上下(xia)串動(dong)在孔(kong)內(nei)形(xing)成(cheng)負壓,含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層中(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)迅速流入井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei),而沖(chong)毀井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)上的(de)(de)泥(ni)皮(pi),并(bing)將含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層的(de)(de)泥(ni)土(tu)細(xi)砂帶入井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei);活(huo)塞(sai)和焦(jiao)磷酸鈉絡合于泥(ni)漿中(zhong)的(de)(de)Ca2 +和Mg2 + 離(li)子,形(xing)成(cheng)可溶性絡合物代(dai)之Na + ,增加(jia)了粘土(tu)顆粒的(de)(de)分散(san)性,同時(shi)它(ta)可以吸附于粘土(tu)顆粒上,拆(chai)散(san)泥(ni)漿中(zhong)的(de)(de)網(wang)狀(zhuang)結(jie)構。降低粘度及動(dong)力,使井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)上的(de)(de)泥(ni)皮(pi)受到(dao)破壞。再(zai)加(jia)上活(huo)塞(sai)所產生(sheng)的(de)(de)反(fan)復(fu)沖(chong)擊和負壓,使濾(lv)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)周圍(wei)不(bu)斷(duan)形(xing)成(cheng)正(zheng)負壓差。使井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)泥(ni)皮(pi)與含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層中(zhong)的(de)(de)淤(yu)塞(sai)物多(duo)次受到(dao)內(nei)外破壞,致使含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層水(shui)(shui)(shui)路暢通。
(2) 操作要領:采用活(huo)塞與焦(jiao)磷(lin)(lin)酸鈉洗(xi)井,首先要根據含水(shui)層厚度,計(ji)算出焦(jiao)磷(lin)(lin)酸鈉的用量(liang),一般濃度達到1 % ,送(song)入孔內(nei)。活(huo)塞間隔上(shang)(shang)下串動,進(jin)行浸泡6~8h ;然后(hou)進(jin)行活(huo)塞上(shang)(shang)下串動洗(xi)井,最后(hou)通過抽水(shui),出水(shui)量(liang)可滿足了設計(ji)要求。
2:振蕩洗井
振蕩洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)利用空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)一(yi)種方法,空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)空(kong)(kong)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi),通過(guo)風(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)下端的(de)(de)混合器送(song)入出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)與出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混合,使出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)因充(chong)滿氣(qi)泡而(er)比重減輕,于(yu)是(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)柱壓(ya)(ya)力就(jiu)低(di)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)柱壓(ya)(ya)力而(er)產生(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)力差(cha),在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)力差(cha)的(de)(de)作用下,將(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)混有氣(qi)泡的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)出(chu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)口,由于(yu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不斷地流出(chu),井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)就(jiu)要(yao)下降產生(sheng)動(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei),動(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)低(di)于(yu)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭高(gao)度,就(jiu)形成(cheng)負壓(ya)(ya)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)負位(wei)作用下涌入井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei);在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涌入過(guo)程中(zhong),即將(jiang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)壁的(de)(de)泥皮沖毀,同時(shi)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層中(zhong)的(de)(de)細(xi)顆物質也隨之進入井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),而(er)在(zai)礫石層周圍(wei)形成(cheng)一(yi)個天(tian)然過(guo)濾層達(da)到洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)多用于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)較深(shen)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)或臨時(shi)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui);洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不受(shou)彎曲和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含(han)泥砂的(de)(de)影響,而(er)且運(yun)輸(shu)方便。一(yi)般在(zai)河西走廊地區對于(yu)一(yi)些水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)含(han)砂量比較高(gao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)沉淀泥沙比較多的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),采用空(kong)(kong)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)效果(guo)比較好。